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- October 27, 1986NOBEL PRIZESWole Soyinka
-
-
- Despite its tendency to distribute awards along geopolitical
- lines, the Swedish Academy of Letters waited 85 years before
- bestowing the Nobel Prize for Literature on a black African.
- Yet when the laurel finally passed last week to Wole Soyinka,
- 52, a Nigerian playwright, poet, novelist, essayist and
- indefatigable polemicist, the justice seemed more than
- demographic. Discriminating theatergoers in London and New York
- City, as well as in Africa, have known for two decades that
- Soyinka is a writer worth watching and hearing. An evening in
- the presence of his words might bring anything: A Dance of the
- Forests (1960), a dreamlike, ritualistic celebration of
- Nigerian independence edged with satire; Kongi's Harvest (1965),
- a biting attack on an Nkrumah-like dictator. Soyinka has found
- widespread favor without ever courting it. His writings have
- charged the West with soulless materialism and his fellow
- Africans with barbarisms and corruption. He has staked his art
- in a no-man's-land between conflicting cultures.
-
- This troubled area was Soyinka's birthright. His parents,
- members of the Yoruba tribe in southwestern Nigeria, were also
- Christians and thus at some remove from the native life around
- them. In his memoir Ake: The Years of Childhood (1981),
- Soyinka portrays the divided realms of his early impressions:
- the beliefs handed down by his mother and father vs. the
- animism of village rituals, particularly the tradition of the
- egungun, the ancestral spirits who can be summoned whenever
- their masks are displayed at local festivals. For a time, the
- boy had the best of both worlds: the sensuous, imaginative life
- of Africa and a Western education, first at college in Ibandan
- near his village and then at the University of Leeds in Britain,
- where he earned a B.A. in English literature in 1957. After
- graduation he worked as a teacher and scriptwriter for London's
- Royal Court Theater, where some of his early sketches and short
- plays were performed.
-
- But he returned to Nigeria in 1960, the same year his homeland
- gained independence from British colonial rule. Soyinka's adult
- career coincides almost exactly with the brushfire of
- nationalism that swept across Africa, a phenomenon that filled
- his writings with bursts of hope and despair. He eloquently
- expressed the ideals of black nationalism and spoke out harshly
- whenever they seemed in danger of being compromised or betrayed.
- In 1967 he was arrested by the Nigerian government, charged
- with assisting the Biafran rebels in their struggle for a
- separate state and held for 22 months. Soyinka later recounted
- this ordeal in the scathing prison memoir The Man Died (1972).
-
- Although he has become a folk hero in his native country,
- controversies have attended his career. Noting his fondness
- for Western literary forms (all of Soyinka's work is written in
- English), some African critics have accused him of shunning his
- ethnic origins. Such complaints may continue, but the Nobel
- Prize is likely to make Soyinka an even more formidable
- spokesman on his continent. The day after it was announced,
- Nigeria awarded him its highest national honor.
-
- --By Paul Gray
-
-